Medical treatment in Japan is by all accounts safe and modern, so you need not worry about hygiene or accessibility. Here is a brief overview of the process to expect when visiting a hospital or clinic.
Be sure to carry your health insurance card with you at all times. Your national health insurance is accepted at the majority of treatment facilities, and entitles you to 70% coverage of your medical bill.
Large hospitals (総合病院 sōgōbyōin), can treat most ailments and injuries. However, depending on the scale of the hospital, you may need to visit a local doctor’s clinic first to receive referral to a larger hospital for treatment.
Local doctor’s clinics are easy to come by, even in smaller municipalities. They are classified under either Internal Medicine (内科 naika) for illnesses and internal medical conditions, or Orthopedic Surgery (外科 geka) for injuries. You must therefore choose the clinic you visit according to the ailment you have.
Most doctors are required to study English at university, and some will have even studied abroad, so it is common for doctors to speak at least a basic level of English.
The Fukuoka Prefecture Medical Center provides a directory of all medical centers in any area of Fukuoka prefecture. The search engine on this site helps you narrow down your needs based on language preference, medical service required and the area in which you live.
Accidents happen, so make sure you are always carrying some cash with you in case you need to make a sudden trip to the hospital.